Glossary: Engine Blocks and Cylinder Heads

A process of enhancing the performance and flow characteristics of injector nozzles by smoothing the passageways through the injector and enlarging the spray holes by running an abrasive compound through the nozzles.

A rating of a fuel filter that refers to the largest size of particle that the fuel filter media allows to pass.

A battery in which an electrolyte is absorbed by a fine glass mat that prevents the solution from sloshing or separating into layers of heavier acid and water.

Another name for an engine feature that allows vehicles to take advantage of downhill momentum to enable improved fuel efficiency. Energy gained while traveling down a steep grade is used to help a loaded vehicle climb the next grade.

A hydraulic, wave-damping device that minimizes a rhythmic cackling noise at idle caused by high-pressure pump pressure waves synchronizing with injection events.

A fault that is currently taking place and uninterrupted in action.

1. A process in which soot is burned inside the DPF through supplemental heating of the DPF.
2. A process where raw fuel is injected into the diesel oxidation catalyst to achieve appropriate regeneration temperatures in the DPF.

A sensor that uses a current supplied by the ECU to operate. An internal microcontroller conditions the sensor’s electrical signal.

A comparison between atmospheric pressure (1 bar or 14.7 per square inch absolute [psia]) and peak cylinder pressure at TDC; also known as dynamic or effective compression ratio.

A feature that measures the power output of each cylinder at idle using speed changes in the crankshaft velocity detected by the optical pump speed/position sensor.