LO 10-2 Describe the purpose, properties, function, composition, types, and applications of diesel engine lubricating oils

Global Oil Standards
ACEA, a French acronym for the European Automobile Manufacturers Association, has developed standards for diesel engine lubricants using performance specifications similar to the API called the European Oil Sequences . Each set of oil sequences is designated by a two-part code consisting of a letter to define the class of vehicle and a number to identify the vehicle category or application. For example, HD diesels are designated as class E with the additional categories 4 through 9 that are differentiated by severity of service. Together the ACEA classes include:

• A/B = Gasoline and light-duty (LD) diesel engines
• C = Catalyst-compatible oils for gasoline and LD diesel engines with aftertreatment devices
• E = HD diesel engines

The year for introducing the designated category may follow the code. For example, B4-16 means the oil is compatible with LD diesels with exhaust catalysts operating in severe service conditions as designated beginning in the year 2016.

E9 is the latest recommended oil for high-power-output diesel engines meeting Euro I, Euro II, Euro III, Euro IV, Euro V, and Euro VI emissions requirements and operating under severe conditions. It is suitable for engines with or without particulate filters, most EGR engines, and engines with SCR NOx aftertreatment systems. A global oil standard also exists that includes collaboration with vehicle manufacturers in Asia and Japan. These standards, designated DL-1, DL-2, and DL-3, are global standard designations. DLD-1 is intended to provide a basic level of performance while DLD-3 provides the highest level of performance. The International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC) only approves oils for gasoline-fueled engines.